Restrictions that keep highly polluting cars out of certain areas—city centres,“school streets”， even individual roads—are a response to the absence of a larger effort to properly enforce existing regulations and require auto companies to bring their vehicles into compliance.（2020年英语二）

重点词汇：

absence n.缺席；不存在

keep out：禁入……

require sb to do…：要求某人去……

bring … into compliance：使……服从规定

解析：该句涉及到的语法点有：定语从句；并列结构；介词短语作定语。

Step1：

结构划分：

①Restrictions that keep highly polluting cars out of certain areas—city centres,“school streets”， even individual roads

②are a response to the absence of a larger effort

③to properly enforce existing regulations and require auto companies to bring their vehicles into compliance.

Step2：抓主干

Restrictions are a response.（主谓宾结构）

Step3：理结构

①“that keep highly polluting cars out of certain areas—city centres,“school streets”， even individual roads”定语从句修饰先行词“Restrictions”，定语从句较长时，可后置翻译为：限制高污染汽车进入某些地区——市中心、学校街道、甚至个别道路。

②are a response to the absence of a larger effort

response to对……的回应。“of a larger effort”介词短语作定语修饰“absence”，即：大量努力的缺席。

③to properly enforce existing regulations and require auto companies to bring their vehicles into compliance.

1.to do 短语作后置定语修饰effort

2.并列结构的识别。“and”并列前后两个to do短语，即：to A and B的结构。理解为：去适当执行现有法规和要求汽车公司使其车辆符合规定。

参考译文：限制高污染汽车进入某些地区、市中心、学校街道、甚至个别道路，是对没有更大力度地适当执行现有法规和要求汽车公司使其车辆符合规定的回应。